tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53391909860127801662024-03-13T07:20:38.027-07:00Papyrus BasicsBwanaPapyrushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07443102052245384811noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5339190986012780166.post-4021362493984566442009-11-17T17:19:00.000-08:002010-03-09T05:46:16.387-08:00Why Conserve Papyrus Swamps?<span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;">View: <a href="http://www.fieldofreeds.com/">http://www.fieldofreeds.com/</a></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">Papyrus Swamps as a Habitat in Africa</span> </span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">The swamps of Africa provide stopping over places each year for millions of migrating birds. One of the most valuable resting stops on the migration route from Europe to Africa is the floodplain of the Jordan River Valley an extension of the African Rift Valley. Within the Valley a most important resource is the Huleh Swamp, a papyrus swamp in which at least 530 species have been recorded and in which 25,000 cranes spend the winter. This is out of a population of 75,000 cranes that fly back and forth between Europe. </span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjUsg6ml7EakdSP9t2e3MjiYoGQJZRWsUIHLhew728BJXoB87ByWt7AZdamZKSptBGExlB_HgOudJ8qivOS2J1VZbWyU2arymtzO2ivY3yxkn_U8YlLJejUzuC2tRCa8JnnQfWmccz-r5E/s1600/Conserv1.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 219px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405247349419593362" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjUsg6ml7EakdSP9t2e3MjiYoGQJZRWsUIHLhew728BJXoB87ByWt7AZdamZKSptBGExlB_HgOudJ8qivOS2J1VZbWyU2arymtzO2ivY3yxkn_U8YlLJejUzuC2tRCa8JnnQfWmccz-r5E/s320/Conserv1.jpg" /></a></span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Considering that an estimated 500 million birds pass through the region each year, and the extent of habitat that papyrus provides for birds in Africa (estimated at 9 million acres) it appears that papyrus swamps are a major world resource for birds. Birds, in turn, form the life blood of tourism which provides Africa with a major source of foreign exchange. It is a growth sector not to be ignored.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;color:#ff0000;">Papyrus Swamps Natural Filters for Sewage<br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVQiAYdRelD94CbEueRNpO834u_pZS5Z0fNuY4-EZ_ULRb7vVzoLGEsZU3CJSKecCigXqmShyhqXTf_22CkyAOlhN8Ypx3hDKcNDgI9ozXsC5AxYbVLQ7iItXkIdAdm3DVr5MM2EmXCY5/s1600/Conserv2.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 254px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405250215141323458" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVQiAYdRelD94CbEueRNpO834u_pZS5Z0fNuY4-EZ_ULRb7vVzoLGEsZU3CJSKecCigXqmShyhqXTf_22CkyAOlhN8Ypx3hDKcNDgI9ozXsC5AxYbVLQ7iItXkIdAdm3DVr5MM2EmXCY5/s320/Conserv2.jpg" /></a></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">The photo shows a papyrus swamp thriving on sewage that is leaving the municipal treatment facility in Kampala, Uganda in Africa. Papyrus takes up vast quantities of nutrients that would otherwise flow into Lake Victoria.<br /></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;color:#ff0000;">Conservation of Papyrus Swamps<br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Recent work by Maclean, Boar and Lugo, a team of ecologists at the Universities of Exeter and East Anglia, has shown that the use of papyrus swamps in a multifunctional, sustainable manner (for handicrafts, fishing, fuel, thatching and low intensity food cropping) can produce rural income far in excess of that derived when the swamps are cleared for building or agriculture.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Yet papyrus swamp habitats throughout Africa are being drained, burnt over and reclaimed, in addition, they are sites for spraying mosquitoes, mollusks and tsetse fly using pesticides that are toxic to small fish and insects, which contaminates the food chain of aquatic birds and is taking its toll each year.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Yw8E93PTPKP7LzUpyJPhH_GjdFORH6XzOMEPZcC2U6PM20P0XQWGv9onHjBu6fbTvY1536dsHP0IaWFt0NTWE8P5Fewq5fdCfKE5fAK0pfyKjaLBxu_3d82R7WvkI8nl1TxWX5DsGcHi/s1600/Conserv3.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 220px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405247354040366386" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Yw8E93PTPKP7LzUpyJPhH_GjdFORH6XzOMEPZcC2U6PM20P0XQWGv9onHjBu6fbTvY1536dsHP0IaWFt0NTWE8P5Fewq5fdCfKE5fAK0pfyKjaLBxu_3d82R7WvkI8nl1TxWX5DsGcHi/s320/Conserv3.jpg" /></a><br /><br /></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">When papyrus swamps are cleared, nutrients and runoff from farms pollute local waters as in the aerial photo taken along the shore of an African lake. Papyrus clearly is a great natural asset and provides an effective environmental barrier at little cost.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">In several places in Africa efforts to restore papyrus swamps have begun, but it may be too little, too late. As with many wetlands, such as the Everglades in the US, it is now clear that the best practice is to leave the wetland intact, or in Africa to encourage rural multiuse in a sustainable fashion.</span><br /><p><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;">© Copyright 2009 John J. Gaudet, All Rights Reserved</span><span style="font-family:arial;"></p></span>BwanaPapyrushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07443102052245384811noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5339190986012780166.post-28244565869914535872009-11-15T16:26:00.000-08:002009-11-17T16:26:02.493-08:00A Fine Place For Birds<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhunzPDUcIgTdyZtasH_rIwnwIXNI1eeswrs6BmMeM7_fzXUPxgwK45lLjenBd0UkW60USKqzjm88B9g4Jdunot674uWO-A8FjLgCRyc0jpLjvAd3hNNF8ey4sr_6KWB9qU2R3SqYZFOHzM/s1600/BirdsGenJPGa.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 274px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404714683397276546" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhunzPDUcIgTdyZtasH_rIwnwIXNI1eeswrs6BmMeM7_fzXUPxgwK45lLjenBd0UkW60USKqzjm88B9g4Jdunot674uWO-A8FjLgCRyc0jpLjvAd3hNNF8ey4sr_6KWB9qU2R3SqYZFOHzM/s320/BirdsGenJPGa.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj242nQqkY0Ka6He_-qCQ5Sg37qj9CzJNFhpFobw4RulmMJbzijwbas0wfRxQe0i32iDqw6Irg47DyHDqejPoXo908RDqFtAZ-X1A20UOgF05xijHnPoLQUthKr3cBQJcnyT4JTdPzDTi-B/s1600-h/BirdsGenBTMa.jpg"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div><br /><div><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;">Visit: <a href="http://www.fieldofreeds.com/">http://www.fieldofreeds.com/</a></span></div><br /><br /><br /><div><span style="font-family:arial;">The ancient Egyptians hunted birds in papyrus swamps along the Nile, a favorite place for Pharaoh to get away from it all, <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKOmODt8QN1bYB7Agd1ccEZLibiun468fZGoTnq12RJcCJSwuel7-rQQtGktsHYGiIS3Y4nPUcBW1szwbgK61gU3s81PgSIN282GBZY7_ZOmRqpw5EWGv9lz3MnUGA4njgYmVL-Lsk2fS7/s1600/BirdsGenJPG2bxx.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 294px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 308px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404715070527974722" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKOmODt8QN1bYB7Agd1ccEZLibiun468fZGoTnq12RJcCJSwuel7-rQQtGktsHYGiIS3Y4nPUcBW1szwbgK61gU3s81PgSIN282GBZY7_ZOmRqpw5EWGv9lz3MnUGA4njgYmVL-Lsk2fS7/s320/BirdsGenJPG2bxx.jpg" /></a>and found that birds liked the flowering heads of papyrus or umbels, which are up to three feet wide. They provide fine nesting material and are full of tiny seeds, while fish and aquatic invertebrates abound in the swamp water below. In the upper canopy among the umbels are found the Papyrus Gonolek, Papyrus Canary, Caruthers's Cisticola, three swamp warblers and hundreds or visiting bird species. Swimming birds as well as herons and egrets feed and nest along the edges of the swamp, it is here we find the threatened Slaty Egret (<em>Egretta vinaceigula</em>, world population of only 5,000 to 10,000 birds), which breeds in the papyrus swamps of the Okavango delta.</span></div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQP-N01FR7dB9icb8o2Ze3QWKTjsHXl17zjiwhWFTlYGyJ68F8aMpPRP3W4m9F30LtdxqpAmPxllcx05TKxQ9kHaiGCqU8RoQ24_SHOnKSVqQ0_uwprntpRrhPkmtv9QN_TmKOzEdLrSJX/s1600/Duckscc.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 239px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 179px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404710282106204386" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQP-N01FR7dB9icb8o2Ze3QWKTjsHXl17zjiwhWFTlYGyJ68F8aMpPRP3W4m9F30LtdxqpAmPxllcx05TKxQ9kHaiGCqU8RoQ24_SHOnKSVqQ0_uwprntpRrhPkmtv9QN_TmKOzEdLrSJX/s320/Duckscc.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><div><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></div><br /><br /><div><span style="font-family:arial;color:#ff0000;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;color:#ff0000;">Papyrus Swamps - A critical habitat</span></div><br /><br /><br /><div><span style="font-family:arial;">One of the most extraordinary birds known to man lives only in papyrus swamps, the Shoebill (<em>Balaeniceps rex</em>) a stork-like bird with an outsized head and huge primitive beak ending in a long hook. Its range extends south from Sudan to Zambia. Large numbers are captured <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh5chOzS6gbS1eF_aGnoxZk9cgaviv2_VT2V4CQZZ8KLishI9v3Thy2KxCCxiX2ma_tilj2V9GiEpVmsDYWK6GSy_rVFGPR3PSfcpGdz3dI1z92ZVKDp6dQyB2WuoaZHZ-jzh7jyuozr26/s1600/BirdsGenJPG2b.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 249px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404710148989659314" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh5chOzS6gbS1eF_aGnoxZk9cgaviv2_VT2V4CQZZ8KLishI9v3Thy2KxCCxiX2ma_tilj2V9GiEpVmsDYWK6GSy_rVFGPR3PSfcpGdz3dI1z92ZVKDp6dQyB2WuoaZHZ-jzh7jyuozr26/s320/BirdsGenJPG2b.jpg" /></a>for zoos, which exhibit this bird as a curiosity. The total population of shoebills, once estimated at about 11,000 to 15,000 birds, has declined in the late 1990s to about 5 - 8,000. According to the Animal Welfare Institute, Tanzania's population of 2,000 birds is one of the few stable ones, protected as it is in the country's first Ramsar International Wetland site. </div><br /><div>Papyrus swamp habitats throughout Africa are being drained, burnt over and converted to agriculture, in addition, they are sites for spraying mosquitoes, mollusks and tsetse fly using pesticides that are toxic to small fish and insects, which contaminates the food chain of aquatic birds and is taking its toll each year.<br /></div><div>Yet the swamps in Africa also provide stopping over places each year for millions of migrating birds. One of the most valuable resting stops on the migration route from Europe to Africa is the floodplain of the Jordan River Valley an extension of the African Rift Valley. Within the Valley a most <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2U9N7d9pD6z1mIFv0g4CqxvfoheLmOCXgiYJmLBiahvv7ACTmlBPTY-XE5cv5Kaf8E6eDmJTWRl1CVKYbE4Jcon8BWv9NLUKFVUJcK_9E1_yv5R_0LSzyhQ44pGZVcd0EvcZ90UZLXfFK/s1600/BirdsGenJPG2bx.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 246px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404709978285473138" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2U9N7d9pD6z1mIFv0g4CqxvfoheLmOCXgiYJmLBiahvv7ACTmlBPTY-XE5cv5Kaf8E6eDmJTWRl1CVKYbE4Jcon8BWv9NLUKFVUJcK_9E1_yv5R_0LSzyhQ44pGZVcd0EvcZ90UZLXfFK/s320/BirdsGenJPG2bx.jpg" /></a>important resource is the Huleh Swamp, a papyrus swamp in which at least 530 species have been recorded and in which 25,000 cranes spend the winter. This is out of a population of 75,000 cranes that fly back and forth between Europe. </div><br /><div><br />Considering that an estimated 500 million birds pass through the region each year, and the extent of habitat that papyrus provides for birds in Africa (estimated at 6 billion acres) it appears that papyrus swamps are a major world resource for birds. Surprising then that so few people know what the swamps look like, how they function or what their future is. And not only are they a major habitat, in many lakes and rivers in Africa they are the only natural filters left for sewage and soil erosion, something that I will discuss in the next post.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">© Copyright 2009 John J. Gaudet, all rights reserved. Image sources: Chris Gibbins (www.bird-stamps.org/country/botswa.htm); Wikimedia Creative Commons, including Tom Tarrant (ShareAlike 3.0); bird migration map courtesy of Yossi Leshem, and the author’s collection.</span></span></div></div></div><br /><br /><div></div><br /><br /><div></div>BwanaPapyrushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07443102052245384811noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5339190986012780166.post-62638736958240585952009-11-13T16:49:00.000-08:002009-11-17T16:23:23.377-08:00Making Papyrus Paper<span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Papyrus paper in ancient days was made in factories close to the source, the papyrus swamps of the Delta. A few factories were located in the Faiyum and elsewhere, but the Delta factories provided the main supply of paper to the world. These factories were simple, large, open areas close to the </span><span style="font-family:arial;">swamps. They had to have space for drying and polishing the sheets of paper, as well as facilities for shipping and storage. </span><br /></span><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><br /><div><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;">After making the sheets the workers would glue them together in rolls that might be more than 100ft. in length, though the majority were smaller, standard scrolls of 20 pages. A great number of scrolls amounting to millions of sheets was exported during the Roman Empire. At this time business and government depended on the supply of papyrus paper, which was critical to the development of world enterprise.</span></div><div><div><div><br /><div><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;">Hand-made papyrus paper is today made in Cairo and Luxor using the same method as in the old days and using papyrus plants that are cultivated in Egypt. </span><br /></div><br /><div><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:arial;">The most important step in making papyrus paper is the slicing of the peeled stem. The thickness of the slices determines the quality of paper. If the slices are taken by an expert, they are thin and can be used directly or they can be dried for later use. Fresh or dried, all strips are resoaked before use.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:arial;">The dry strips, which are simply air dried thin slices of the stem, are available on the Internet and are cheap and easy to order from many sources in Egypt. Paper can be made from them as easily as from fresh cut stems, which are often hard to find outside of Egypt.</span> </span></div><br /><br /><div><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">The Process Used Today in Cairo</span> </span><br /></span></div><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTGDKFdntOfHE4qaOUOP5lwbMYIBZoKvt-y9550EHaEgzn1WxPX84rT4RFIpuQ4C1AjscA5hhChqopm6TbUSjYh1gngxNjk6bhRZ5YpivlZouvhJK8kOk0AGAM3CQUIjDk6xc0N1UC8Ivq/s1600-h/CarryPcc.jpg"><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 127px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 255px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403758266225692178" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTGDKFdntOfHE4qaOUOP5lwbMYIBZoKvt-y9550EHaEgzn1WxPX84rT4RFIpuQ4C1AjscA5hhChqopm6TbUSjYh1gngxNjk6bhRZ5YpivlZouvhJK8kOk0AGAM3CQUIjDk6xc0N1UC8Ivq/s320/CarryPcc.jpg" /></span></a><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color:#000000;">The papyrus stems are harvested, cut into lengths then peeled.<br /></span></div><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlk0o1Gt92yJEMYwy484WpPz7tMzw9W0As7pWZmvmsUSrSmRhik5m8iknbDWRQb9ZnJ8uSbsnr37-wDPz8V_QG0Hc0oHS2Dn9_Aw2o8jQzSVDUjUqhSzrgOuQxLYwJvMF2ygE5-4t4Ot4g/s1600-h/Razorcc.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 126px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 186px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403758863515334018" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlk0o1Gt92yJEMYwy484WpPz7tMzw9W0As7pWZmvmsUSrSmRhik5m8iknbDWRQb9ZnJ8uSbsnr37-wDPz8V_QG0Hc0oHS2Dn9_Aw2o8jQzSVDUjUqhSzrgOuQxLYwJvMF2ygE5-4t4Ot4g/s320/Razorcc.jpg" /></span></a><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></div><br /><div></div><div></span><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;">The exposed pith is then sliced into thin slices with a razor. </span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><br /><div><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color:#000000;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXqlrAsGmwyvHNPMMzq2e3yNP6mHzRpH3VK3jvMX40ckB5wWQiqlMqRCTsVXmiS5z8C_pWiBzI15koi0w5kRLV0NuHj7hUe55RymqNU8KhdRrqfFWVTzxInAxnsIRDYbV8osWFxaTEPUY_/s1600-h/StripsDet.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 153px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 83px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403759988975490690" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXqlrAsGmwyvHNPMMzq2e3yNP6mHzRpH3VK3jvMX40ckB5wWQiqlMqRCTsVXmiS5z8C_pWiBzI15koi0w5kRLV0NuHj7hUe55RymqNU8KhdRrqfFWVTzxInAxnsIRDYbV8osWFxaTEPUY_/s320/StripsDet.jpg" /></span></a><br /></span><span style="color:#000000;"></span></div></div><br /><div><br /><br /><div><span style="color:#000000;">The strips can be used directly or laid out in the sun to dry. </span></div><br /><div></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisy42aB7AYXLiCE5RK_fWgYdWz6bPmzm3AnZEO7jReAjqvq7hZH924m1Y4E02c-Otlvyprjfxjm5PzltaADaBgbvMrl19P-LQJa3KSrILy6Pqw8acFf4jb2w0kVeH0ufpqwLK_sRng3lDP/s1600-h/Stripscc.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 139px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 152px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403819253388030162" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisy42aB7AYXLiCE5RK_fWgYdWz6bPmzm3AnZEO7jReAjqvq7hZH924m1Y4E02c-Otlvyprjfxjm5PzltaADaBgbvMrl19P-LQJa3KSrILy6Pqw8acFf4jb2w0kVeH0ufpqwLK_sRng3lDP/s320/Stripscc.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><div></div><br /><br /><div></div><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_W-xtx1De-DLre9oh91wfqQ96prsLbXhLhyuHnZOz4nAo3uzyMIwXYjZ8DHfUuODo76abq2wU9Oie86B5tiMswD3__UVoUZcUtgXqPySF1Ab8GZ_-qU-tFzq30J3HFwiP9SWwkXUSgqrl/s1600-h/Stripscc.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"></span></a></div><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color:#000000;"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div></span><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 165px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 141px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403760962206689218" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicSyefp9UoWzR8Lml9ehBKeAc-qeSaFA7OFqG95tA1oJxJ2cUrq212yEBKSvPUFtb5tNTfhvguGcQsz0bJU1lXlLI1EuJ6cHYcH160vNwTSoQFGCVaEWo2mhkK7TiLt5qiZE8nqZJXKtRo/s320/Rollcc.jpg" /></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#000000;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#000000;"></span></div><br /><br /><div><span style="color:#000000;">Fresh strips or dried they are soaked and rolled out several times to make them supple. </span></div><span style="color:#000000;"></span></span></div><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color:#000000;"></span></span></div><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color:#000000;"></span></span></div><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color:#000000;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><div><br /></div><div></span><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;">Laid out on a board in two layers, one vertical and one horizontal, the strips <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7hAChbmb5iCwuTvFXpj4mAM0dBDOIajMS2ZmWe5AZfdrYw5Z1REpoHUcq_pZ3nAEew-gnIrjuUjEp-MYOxN4-yK2Kwdp9_ziIUgUJ31kFVxPYJoBcOMkAJKXZgeycCsHBn0xp1KQ2L-P1/s1600-h/Layout2cc.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 201px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 89px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403761804683008082" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7hAChbmb5iCwuTvFXpj4mAM0dBDOIajMS2ZmWe5AZfdrYw5Z1REpoHUcq_pZ3nAEew-gnIrjuUjEp-MYOxN4-yK2Kwdp9_ziIUgUJ31kFVxPYJoBcOMkAJKXZgeycCsHBn0xp1KQ2L-P1/s320/Layout2cc.jpg" /></span></a>form a mat or matrix. </span></div><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;"></span><br /><br /><br /><p><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;"></span></p><br /><p><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;"></span></p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNOQYRHDeM3wv_28uygmmwuBILSeWUQx5RmxQ0jCtcJL-ZCfEaewIC7VBPRjqSoHZF7yCjdVfAM9HSeNPEFT9sKVeadIzryO9ydYstKYOrK0DEaEuvic7MFfbZHP4_JzFfeMbPNfJZjm2s/s1600-h/Press1cc.bmp"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 156px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 180px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403820367004166514" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNOQYRHDeM3wv_28uygmmwuBILSeWUQx5RmxQ0jCtcJL-ZCfEaewIC7VBPRjqSoHZF7yCjdVfAM9HSeNPEFT9sKVeadIzryO9ydYstKYOrK0DEaEuvic7MFfbZHP4_JzFfeMbPNfJZjm2s/s320/Press1cc.bmp" /></a><br /><br /><p><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;"></span></p><br /><p><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;">This matrix is then placed between blotters and pressed for several days until dry. </span></p><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKHiGyWEoqMQLsdYZhkMNzzHnQ64l_2xnB1P8vCJQkx-GfyWrww_KLXdwbNSssLiIEHHvaeW59Vb_M5sw4nN7kiGdcMb-FmzUAD68AJm5WMi_Y1jH5Dp-cpruY9ktpG1iSCFOC8CyiJbiN/s1600-h/Press1cc.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"></span></a></div><div></div><div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCISJZTIrS191T89buWqKOndNg4AC-G5bsKBsXMNBvZL_tbosGAcWrCHJrLkgYwo88cOWDd4BzY3LB635gEpnqytldN6DT8ifZm2laR3TuUqsifh1durvMmyuv5Ip0LoosOjs3VVk3Mlf/s1600-h/Papercc.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 171px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 144px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403764116868373202" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCISJZTIrS191T89buWqKOndNg4AC-G5bsKBsXMNBvZL_tbosGAcWrCHJrLkgYwo88cOWDd4BzY3LB635gEpnqytldN6DT8ifZm2laR3TuUqsifh1durvMmyuv5Ip0LoosOjs3VVk3Mlf/s320/Papercc.jpg" /></span></a></div><div><br /><span style="color:#000000;">Removed from the press the sheet is further dried then polished with a polishing stone.<br /></div></span><br /><br /><div><br /></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNePgZ0vHn6pVZXYKcCAUtgt-joFWlojxxRYTEQ6v3PCSIvu0A-gisJXxSEqS3GDCD91zDzY51_uO2f-GpiwM0M9qsPmP19dqdaNKNuLnijMWEUsNmty0ApxgNQcwA1xPTX37TXvCcK1FG/s1600-h/Fiberscc.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 159px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 104px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403763953529221554" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNePgZ0vHn6pVZXYKcCAUtgt-joFWlojxxRYTEQ6v3PCSIvu0A-gisJXxSEqS3GDCD91zDzY51_uO2f-GpiwM0M9qsPmP19dqdaNKNuLnijMWEUsNmty0ApxgNQcwA1xPTX37TXvCcK1FG/s320/Fiberscc.jpg" /></span></a><br /><div><span style="color:#000000;"></span></div><p><span style="color:#000000;"></span></p><span style="color:#000000;"><p>The final paper over a light reveals the two layers. </span><br /><br /><br /></p><div><span style="color:#000000;">T</span><span style="color:#000000;">he sheets are then glued together to form a scroll. <img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 132px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 137px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403770791989493506" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3p-llptGbKJd-wKm4W29h7r1FEJKEUI5ORtzFvqeN-DPhAzgJ8OCjksVIoVU3FV2JIhpBUrW2tah1IhS_yienp4ssErv6poPyRBjPilj0dtpmkB2TknoopuyblFnCS6Kw_a0GELfKqjRx/s320/Scroll1cc.jpg" /></span><br /></div><div><span style="color:#000000;">The scribe now writes and draws hieroglyphs on the scroll using<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7zmoDa5dl2ZnV6RJaKkqSsb03tJPiDBew_IvSzDQcdwMQZeqriD5bIaPBt85ZvHDtmWOKU4fu6M2UsK6OsUAU36LcclOejjrRYoVvIyWxcvqnkYa7s2hYVHbzz6rvCGmdScW_3VpJXe3M/s1600-h/Scribecc.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 115px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 131px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403777706804927618" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7zmoDa5dl2ZnV6RJaKkqSsb03tJPiDBew_IvSzDQcdwMQZeqriD5bIaPBt85ZvHDtmWOKU4fu6M2UsK6OsUAU36LcclOejjrRYoVvIyWxcvqnkYa7s2hYVHbzz6rvCGmdScW_3VpJXe3M/s320/Scribecc.jpg" /></span></a> a reed pen or brush. </span></div><br /><br /><div><br /></div><br /><br /><div><span style="font-size:85%;color:#000000;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000;">© Copyright 2009 John J. Gaudet, All Rights Reserved (images of scroll and scribe from Wikipedia Creative Commons)<br /></span></div></span></span></div></div>BwanaPapyrushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07443102052245384811noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5339190986012780166.post-91238662983138095492009-11-11T20:54:00.000-08:002009-11-12T05:45:49.427-08:00Papyrus Crafts<span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:arial;color:#ff0000;">Papyrus -- Raw Material for Many Things Around the House</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">In ancient Egypt papyrus stems were used to make millions of pieces of paper, but in addition, the stems were used for making many other things that were useful around the house. </span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvxb25lp2qn0d2w3jOST3R6ebS__XK5JaLCmfLRziTDvKQ33_f7peMtlUOXTbxL6NRNXYyyermS0y7vVGj4yKdPvkpgR7tTTf786QRP_D2HG6EXSM39d5LEt63QLJVLHjtkO1QSR8hE6Zc/s1600-h/PapyrusPapercc.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 204px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 190px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403101230153495426" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvxb25lp2qn0d2w3jOST3R6ebS__XK5JaLCmfLRziTDvKQ33_f7peMtlUOXTbxL6NRNXYyyermS0y7vVGj4yKdPvkpgR7tTTf786QRP_D2HG6EXSM39d5LEt63QLJVLHjtkO1QSR8hE6Zc/s320/PapyrusPapercc.jpg" /></a></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Handmade modern papyrus paper. </span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">P</span><span style="font-family:arial;">apyrus still grows in many places in Africa where it still comes in handy for crafts of all sorts. </span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Papyrus stems harvested from local swamps are set out in the sun to dry.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlLg0rDuRXQ51-qb9kAx7UiUnpvu3VKZT8cMpwqOHMXjC5pFkg2AVE7-5-t8ymLvhy6c04ZWZt6iFZ0b-tQSggNE9m3ah8eHctHqIaA1b0J9YuhTq10EZTZLk-J13su2PWdksT5Fcpp7U-/s1600-h/Drystemscc.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 209px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403100596269205106" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlLg0rDuRXQ51-qb9kAx7UiUnpvu3VKZT8cMpwqOHMXjC5pFkg2AVE7-5-t8ymLvhy6c04ZWZt6iFZ0b-tQSggNE9m3ah8eHctHqIaA1b0J9YuhTq10EZTZLk-J13su2PWdksT5Fcpp7U-/s320/Drystemscc.jpg" /></a></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;">Sewn together the stems form mats that can be used for floor covering, ceilings inside huts and screens to separate rooms.<br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI3-5H07a1j9gBiZ66GS0cEnudYD2uDXjmd7GGzmTCplL6auN1Fbkset2DbELjPIeuwMkv44SMmM_BcZ_tELb-gZOrSmoDVt-68nZ38PWsicv49boKYtf2wQshZNTD3gn9SBrir2PcpObD/s1600-h/Tablecc.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 210px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403099480646698818" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI3-5H07a1j9gBiZ66GS0cEnudYD2uDXjmd7GGzmTCplL6auN1Fbkset2DbELjPIeuwMkv44SMmM_BcZ_tELb-gZOrSmoDVt-68nZ38PWsicv49boKYtf2wQshZNTD3gn9SBrir2PcpObD/s320/Tablecc.jpg" /></span></a></span><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color:#000000;">Tied together the stems make a light, portable table for market days.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirJFCwKC771FyPiRiVKFxz3abuEdjcy3_sCNBmGIOrGH4Sy9VRvmthfIxEQJhNsXRX3HpZ19Pj7I1_qPbUo002vOxhJKUW8EVuO59C5Ey1P_KDjA1v1tA-NqdBDrL1WMluyHa0S3jSFOnR/s1600-h/Basketscc.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 247px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 179px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403098801710557570" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirJFCwKC771FyPiRiVKFxz3abuEdjcy3_sCNBmGIOrGH4Sy9VRvmthfIxEQJhNsXRX3HpZ19Pj7I1_qPbUo002vOxhJKUW8EVuO59C5Ey1P_KDjA1v1tA-NqdBDrL1WMluyHa0S3jSFOnR/s320/Basketscc.jpg" /></span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br />Peeled or slit the green stems can be woven into baskets<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><span style="font-family:arial;color:#000000;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwgvtR_CUST3_OHOFe_CN9jV7lc7-Y6tluDMHDPnHIzFzzGg6aM2xmm1GLrwmMdilmnu48FsxdnXF6R-C4dbhsS0UD_1LA-UxqZEkUgzPIG1-LN-L17rhZX3hf9MGpjfaKlLh4bPDK7r4z/s1600-h/Sandalscc.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 262px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 225px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403099812771347570" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwgvtR_CUST3_OHOFe_CN9jV7lc7-Y6tluDMHDPnHIzFzzGg6aM2xmm1GLrwmMdilmnu48FsxdnXF6R-C4dbhsS0UD_1LA-UxqZEkUgzPIG1-LN-L17rhZX3hf9MGpjfaKlLh4bPDK7r4z/s320/Sandalscc.jpg" /></a></span><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><br /></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:arial;">or sandals<br /><br /><br /><br /></span><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo-o7ZqkkOLxxZ0TEoMLg6EAFWFMC-kq140v0Hs6dfaFgRtNwUJfjyQqdwOqcIAmWWyFN7Au7PtrMaAWgqFBQE2Xn2ADykMlvmqicxz6XtqJZVU1Bm2kPRL-y7nzTjiWDpFlzQ-JdUl265/s1600-h/AncientBasketcc.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 252px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 175px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403097959405136050" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo-o7ZqkkOLxxZ0TEoMLg6EAFWFMC-kq140v0Hs6dfaFgRtNwUJfjyQqdwOqcIAmWWyFN7Au7PtrMaAWgqFBQE2Xn2ADykMlvmqicxz6XtqJZVU1Bm2kPRL-y7nzTjiWDpFlzQ-JdUl265/s320/AncientBasketcc.jpg" /></span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br />Or made into boxes such as this container made of papyrus from Ancient Egypt. (Brit. Museum)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Wvy2LF8xxX1mnx4kk5eDFIXDYqL2DapRRLlOE9hqo3xHlk5-0HIh3JRA9opspCLcVfBjZKyRNCTvGHe_HqOr92LED5ZO_RYddcGxawPfhshCJK_lozruiNyXH_yB4DGRWWkeYhgqkchB/s1600-h/Thatch2.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 164px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 212px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403097283688284434" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Wvy2LF8xxX1mnx4kk5eDFIXDYqL2DapRRLlOE9hqo3xHlk5-0HIh3JRA9opspCLcVfBjZKyRNCTvGHe_HqOr92LED5ZO_RYddcGxawPfhshCJK_lozruiNyXH_yB4DGRWWkeYhgqkchB/s320/Thatch2.jpg" /></span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br /><br />The most common use for the stems is in roof thatching<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhESFajhPP9eAG9TqBDa5niy9xjds5MaYZUrWemjE8HFq-Pgm1GZKQx9rQ4Ns31FwCZXEU3wccOpE2LS8N3uyRN62A4C4CCs-0kY2VQA1RMWPH8CtbXyk0qKQQKLTMjAfawqqZ3d9VWoH6r/s1600-h/Ropecc.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 208px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 170px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403096802634357138" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhESFajhPP9eAG9TqBDa5niy9xjds5MaYZUrWemjE8HFq-Pgm1GZKQx9rQ4Ns31FwCZXEU3wccOpE2LS8N3uyRN62A4C4CCs-0kY2VQA1RMWPH8CtbXyk0qKQQKLTMjAfawqqZ3d9VWoH6r/s320/Ropecc.jpg" /></span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br /><br />In ancient Egypt papyrus was woven into cheap, strong rope and cordage used for ship rigging, and moving masonry blocks for building monuments.<br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj93YS8YrWIosz3yKBdQ5sx3hi3yPgE5x9EWKc2WmHPB4B9sHfw9qB3DR1OrWa_k2FrukUIMiihmYst4iYcF7Lyp7Pdq3xuhwUkWeOWdeynZYg5ziQPLMs1Giso2G46oA_cQC4pFay010aH/s1600-h/EgyptLamps.jpg"><span style="color:#000000;"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 184px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 100px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403096470052258466" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj93YS8YrWIosz3yKBdQ5sx3hi3yPgE5x9EWKc2WmHPB4B9sHfw9qB3DR1OrWa_k2FrukUIMiihmYst4iYcF7Lyp7Pdq3xuhwUkWeOWdeynZYg5ziQPLMs1Giso2G46oA_cQC4pFay010aH/s320/EgyptLamps.jpg" /></span></a><span style="color:#000000;">Lamp wicks in old Egypt could be made from fibers of papyrus, wicks were still called “paperus” in 16th Century Italy.<br /></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">© Copyright 2009 John J. Gaudet, All Rights Reserved</span></span>BwanaPapyrushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07443102052245384811noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5339190986012780166.post-88274131679874365312009-11-11T19:43:00.000-08:002013-10-15T10:25:01.900-07:00Papyrus Swamps of the World-The Sudd<span style="color: #3333ff; font-family: arial;">The Sudd– A Papyrus Swamp of Large Proportion</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA4UCD9VxOg8e30EZ50ycj2AUuy6S_2_Ah1zOhBDhOHFwsKe75-qM9vGKecIIWVOgJKc39q974CAFvYoupXf1OglA8OghPX6CfwDIxx2njFOrFxrlVmBoTTtpWEtX5GY6Eaas6DK_J_Dab/s1600-h/Suddx.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403072879890915826" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA4UCD9VxOg8e30EZ50ycj2AUuy6S_2_Ah1zOhBDhOHFwsKe75-qM9vGKecIIWVOgJKc39q974CAFvYoupXf1OglA8OghPX6CfwDIxx2njFOrFxrlVmBoTTtpWEtX5GY6Eaas6DK_J_Dab/s320/Suddx.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 188px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 320px;" /></a><span style="font-family: arial;">In size it is second only to the Pantanal in S. America, which is the largest swamp in the world. The Sudd is now a Ramsar site, a declared international wetland reserve, which the Pantanal is not, therefore the Sudd is the largest protected swamp in the world.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Along the White Nile south of Khartoum, in Sudan, the Sudd is a 14 million acre wetland, dominated by swamp grasses and papyrus. It expands with the rains to 32 million very wet acres, the size of England.</span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403067868937703650" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4RIcRac83DbrcZlH_5wdJhARWeUnjOGlcXVLj_zman0wYy1kj7aqSR4dViJz5LMZtKoUFcD4wZLjTp5kLg8WUjVsb9-qoD0N01WMh93yKv_1i8w2qhRmo7KfvkT7fONRStTRL6I6S_H63/s320/Sudd+Aerial1xx.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 159px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 320px;" /><span style="font-family: arial;">The aerial photo was provided by Dr. Georg Petersen of HYDROC Consult a group that provides expert engineering consultancy services through a network of independent specialists (</span><a href="http://www.hydroc.de/"><span style="font-family: arial;">www.hydroc.de</span></a><span style="font-family: arial;">). </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Dr. Petersen is involved in research projects in cooperation with the University of Kiel and the University of Nairobi in Kenya, Makerere University in Uganda, Khartoum University in Sudan and University of Dar Es Salaam in Tanzania.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">The photo shows only a small part of the Sudd, a section of papyrus swamp that has a <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyDztOLMxuNmZHXyyVg71q53IHWg5jsNkSeuGF4cnEQO4qD-jNnOyrmxIR9Ib94jc3B13lQ943k2cJyVGX3GJ7T9_jEJyQ86hbU-WCYYllRn1-GXxGvtRo_lVTY36TWRYBuMr7Qa46Vgfa/s1600-h/BakerSuddPic2xBTMP.bmp"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403073822787854466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyDztOLMxuNmZHXyyVg71q53IHWg5jsNkSeuGF4cnEQO4qD-jNnOyrmxIR9Ib94jc3B13lQ943k2cJyVGX3GJ7T9_jEJyQ86hbU-WCYYllRn1-GXxGvtRo_lVTY36TWRYBuMr7Qa46Vgfa/s320/BakerSuddPic2xBTMP.bmp" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 137px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 320px;" /></a>characteristic compact dark green color. A channel is clearly seen in the photo that is kept clear for easy passage of boats, unlike the case many years ago in Victorian days when explorers, like Samuel and Florence Baker, had to force a passage for their steamer as shown in the sketch.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Today the Sudd is threatened by the Jonglei Canal, a 220 mile canal intended to by-pass the swamp, one of the causes for the outbreak of the civil war in 1983 between North and South Sudan, the canal has been temporarily halted by civil disturbance. If completed as planned it could cause considerable ecological damage.</span><br />
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Don’t forget
to check out more interesting facts and juicy gossip on my web page and blogs
at: <a href="http://www.fieldofreeds.com/">www.fieldofreeds.com</a></span></span><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">. Also get on
board early with my new book on papyrus to be published by Pegasus in June
2014, called <i>The Plant That Changed the
World</i>, now available for pre-purchase on Amazon.com at</span> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="color: red;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/goodreed">http://tinyurl.com/goodreed</a></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span>BwanaPapyrushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07443102052245384811noreply@blogger.com0